As we all know, the linguistic equivalence and culture are crucial subjects in translation process. While translating something people generally think that they are going to transfer only the meaning but translation is more than giving the meaning. On the other hand, culture is as important as the linguistic equivalance. There are many articles written by some theorists about this subject and short story translation but I want to give some examples of Newmark and Nida.
According to Newmark, the main concern of translation theory is to determine appropriate translation methods. He considers two types of translation: semantic and communicative, although he states that the majority of texts require communicative rather than semantic translation.In addition he emphasis four important things in equivalence. The first one is linguistic equivalence which means a word for word translation between source language and target language.The second one is paradigmatic equivalence like equivalence in both in grammar instruments and instruments in paradigmatic axis.The third one is, stylistic equivalence and the last one is textual equivalence.Plus, according to him while we are translating a short story, we should analyse the source text by reading, understanding the author's attitude towards the subject matter and deciding the readership of the story.
In view of Nida, the translator must be complete master of the subject matter it may seem inconceivable that too much knowledge of the subject matter can be a deterrent to effective translation. According to him while we are analyzing something we first look source language's linguistic structures. While analyzing the linguistic structures we should ask ourselves how the language generates sentences, how the structures are interrelated and what are the meanings of syntactic structures.The second subject that we look is meaning of lexical elements which covers cultural relevance of expressions like historical background and traditional usage.
I gave some information about Newmark and Nida and their styles and I discussed about translation equivalence and short story analysis. While concluding my remarks; I want to give some information about Işın Bengi Öner. She also made many research about theorists like Newmark and Nida. In her book which name is "çeviri kuramlarını düşünürken" she emphasis on an integral approach of translation.According to her, theorist's theories are very comprehensive but they are not integral so; they cannot use for all kinds of translation.She also mentions the importance of comparatives and discussions on translation for the students and researchers.
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